Why Layers, Protocols and Physical Medium...These were my doubts while studying Computer Networks.

What does IP signify, why sockets, ports, In-depth Layers of the OSI Model...

After going through Gate Smashers Quality Content by Naina wadhwa and Varun Singla my another Core CS Fundamental is mastered!

Here is what I learned:
✅Connections & Functionality
✅Need of OSI
✅Terms [PAN/LAN/CAN/MAN/WAN]
✅TCP/IP vs OSI
✅Physical Layer Functionalities
-> Transmission Medium Topologies [Mesh/star/bus/hybrid]
-> Manchester Encoding & Differential Manchester Technique
-> Pure H/w Devices at this layer [Cables/Repeaters/Hub]
-> Collision Domain & Broadcast Domain
-> Traditional Circuit Switching
-> Message Switching
-> Packet Switching - Datagram and Virtual Circuit
-> Unicast, Briadcast, Multicast
✅Data Link Layer functionalities
-> Hop to Hop Delivery
-> Flow Control [Stop & Wait, Go-Back-N, Selective Repeat ARQ]
-> Error Control [CRC, Checksum, Parity bits]
-> Access Control [CSMA/CD]
-> Framing (bits to frames)
-> Single bit error & Multi bit error
-> Error Detection & Correction[Hamming Codes]
-> Multiple Access Protocols [Random access, Control access, Channelization]
-> Ethernet Frame Format & token ring
✅Network Layer functionalities
-> Source to Destination Address
-> Classfull addressing A,B,C,D/E
Numericals: No. of total addresses, networks, hosts,.., First add. , Last add
-> Classless addressing using Blocks / Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)
-> Mask, Subnet, Subnet masking, Variable subnet masking in both Classful & Classless
-> IPv4 & IPv6 Header Bits Use
-> Fragmentation, options & padding
-> Routing Protocol [Distance-vector, count to infinity, link state] for Unicasting
-> ARP, NAT
✅Transport Layer Functionalities
-> Socket address
-> TCP header, connection and congestion
-> TCP vs UDP
✅Session Layer - Synchronization of data streams
✅Presentation Layer - encrypt/decrypt , compress , translate
✅Application layer Functionalities
-> Data & File access with help of interfaces
-> DNS
-> HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP
-> SMTP vs POP vs Imap
-> Cryptography & encryption
-> Firewall & Application/Proxy Firewall
-> IPsec vs SSH vs SSL/TSL
-> VPN

🧑🏼‍💻Why learn Computer Networks??
These topics helped me understand Cloud Computing much more easily and got clarity on its in-depth backend operations & conversions

I'm looking forward to this incredible learning experience and the chance to push the boundaries of what's possible with blockchain.
Stay tuned for updates on my journey!
Open to collaborate with like minded innovators!!

#cloudcomputing #networking #blockchain #backendoperations #cryptography #firewall #VPN